Computer air navigation manual#
Computer air navigation code#

The narrative depiction of the RNAV chart describes how a procedure is flown.

Leg types used for procedure design are included in the aircraft navigation database, but not normally provided on the procedure chart.

Leg types are identified by a two-letter code that describes the path (e.g., heading, course, track, etc.) and the termination point (e.g., the path terminates at an altitude, distance, fix, etc.).

A leg type describes the desired path proceeding, following, or between waypoints on an RNAV procedure.

Fly-over waypoints are used when the aircraft must fly over the point prior to starting a turn.

Fly-by waypoints are used when an aircraft should begin a turn to the next course prior to reaching the waypoint separating the two route segments.

RNAV procedures make use of both fly-over and fly-by waypoints.

A waypoint is most often used to indicate a change in direction, speed, or altitude along the desired path.

Waypoints may be a simple named point in space or associated with existing navaids, intersections, or fixes.

A waypoint is a predetermined geographical position that is defined in terms of latitude/longitude coordinates.

In addition, pilots should have an understanding of the various waypoint and leg types used in RNAV procedures these are discussed in more detail below.

Pilots should possess a working knowledge of their aircraft navigation system to ensure RNAV procedures are flown in an appropriate manner.

RNAV procedures, such as DPs and STARs, demand strict pilot awareness and maintenance of the procedure centerline.

Terminal and En Route Area Navigation (RNAV) Operations

In addition to information found in this manual, guidance for domestic RNAV DPs, STARs, and routes may also be found in Advisory Circular 90-100(), U.S.

Reduced dependence on radar vectoring, altitude, and speed assignments allowing a reduction in required ATC radio transmissions, and.

There are several potential advantages of RNAV routes and procedures:.

RNAV routes and terminal procedures, including departure procedures (DPs) and standard terminal arrivals (STARs), are designed with RNAV systems in mind.

In the future, there will be an increased dependence on the use of RNAV in lieu of routes defined by ground-based navigation aids

RNAV is a method of navigation that permits aircraft operation on any desired flight path within the coverage of ground- or space-based navigation aids or within the limits of the capability of self-contained aids, or a combination of these.

Navigation Specifics Fly-by and Fly-over Waypoints Track to Fix Leg Type Direct to Fix Leg Type Course to Fix Leg Type Radius to Fix Leg Type Area Navigation (RNAV): National Airspace System and in Remote and Oceanic Airspace

This information is detailed in International Civil Aviation Organization's (ICAO) Doc 9613, Performance-based Navigation (PBN) Manual and the latest FAA AC 90-105, Approval Guidance for RNP Operations and Barometric Vertical Navigation in the U.S.For both RNP and RNAV NavSpecs, the numerical designation refers to the lateral navigation accuracy in nautical miles which is expected to be achieved at least 95 percent of the flight time by the population of aircraft operating within the airspace, route, or procedure.PBN also introduces the concept of navigation specifications (Nav Specs) which are a set of aircraft and aircrew requirements needed to support a navigation application within a defined airspace concept.RNP is an RNAV system that includes onboard performance monitoring and alerting capability (for example, Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM)).

For an aircraft to meet the requirements of PBN, a specified RNAV or RNP accuracy must be met 95 percent of the flight time.

In this context, the term RNAV 'x' means a specific navigation specification with a specified lateral accuracy value.

Within PBN there are two main categories of navigation methods:.

Many operators have upgraded their systems to obtain the benefits of PBN.

The term RNAV in this context, as in procedure titles, just means 'area navigation,' regardless of the equipment capability of the aircraft.

PBN exists under the umbrella of area navigation (RNAV).

As air travel has evolved, methods of navigation have improved to give operators more flexibility.

Computer air navigation code#

Computer air navigation manual#